Mikhail Gorbachev
Gorbachev: On My Country and the World
Perestroika: New Thinking for Our Country and the World
Manifesto for the Earth: Action Now for Peace, Global Justice and a Sustainable Future
Conversations with Gorbachev
The Search for a New Beginning: Developing a New Civilization
Mikhail Gorbachev: Prophet of Change : from the Cold War to a Sustainable World
Perestroika and Soviet-American Relations
Reykjavik, Results & Lessons
Über mein Land. Rußlands Weg ins 21. Jahrhundert
Mikhail Gorbachev: Selected Speeches and Articles
The Road We Traveled, the Challenges We Face: Speeches, Articles, Interviews
Speeches and Writings
At the Summit: Speeches and Interviews, February 1987-July 1988
For a Nuclear- free World: Speeches and Statements by the General Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee on Nuclear Disarmament Problems, January 1986-January 1987
Working Together: Diversity as Opportunity
U. S. S. R. - U. S. A. Summit, Moscow, May 29-June 2, 1988
Man Who Changed the World: The Lives of Mikhail Gorbachev
Peace Has No Alternative
Perestroika
My Russia
A Call to Divine Unity: Letter of Imam Khomeini, the Great Leader of the Islamic Revolution and Founder of the Islamic Republic of Iran, to Mikhail Gorbachev, Leader of the Soviet Union
Perestroika: How New is Gorbachev's New Thinking?
Mikhail Gorbachev: Memoirs
The New Russia
Mikhail Gorbachev Life story
Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev was a Soviet and Russian politician who served as the eighth and final leader of the Soviet Union from 1985 to the country's dissolution in 1991.
Physical Characteristics
Mikhail gorbachev was born on march 2.1931 in privolnoye.Russia.He was 5 feet 8 inches tall and weighed around 160 pounds.He had bleu eyes and a slender body type.Family
Mikhail gorbachev was the son of maria panteleyevna and vasily gorbachev.He had two siblings.A brother naemd ivktor and a sister named mariah.E was married to raisa gorbacheva and had two children.A daughter named irina and a son named anatoly.Life Story
Mikhail gorbachev was born in a peasant family in the village of privolnoye in stavropol krai.Russia.He studied law at moscow state university and graduated in 1955.After graduation.He worked as a lawyer in stavropol and then in msocow.In 1970.He was appointed to the centrla committee of the commuinst party of the soviet union and in 1979 he became the general secretary of the communist party.In 1985.He was elected as the president of the soviet union.Success
Mikhail gorbachev is best known for his role in ending the cold war and introducing the policies of glasnost and perestiroka.He was awarded the nobel peace prize in 1990 for his efforts to reduce cold war tensions and for his commitment to democracy and uhman rights.He also receievd numerous other awards and honors.Including the order of lenin.The order of the october revolution.And the order of the red banner of labor.Zodiac Sign.Nationality
Mikhail gorbcahev was a pisces and a russian citizen.Education.Actual Occupation.Relationships.Career
Mikhail gorbachev studied law at moscow state university and graduated in 1955.After graduation.He worked as a lawyer in stavropol and then in mosocw.In 1970.He was appointed to the centrla committee of the communist party of the soviet union and in 1979 he became the general secretary of the communist party.In 1985.He was elected as the president of the soviet union.After leaving office in 1991.He founded the gorbachev foundation and the social democratic party of russia.He is currently a mmeber of the international advisory board of the council on foreign relations.Putin and Wagner boss Prigozhin: How a long friendship turned ugly
... Instead of the old Soviet chief, Leonid Brezhnev, reformist leader Mikhail Gorbachev was in power, the Berlin Wall had fallen and perestroika (restructuring) was well under way...
Ukraine war: Russian artists back Putin or face censorship
... State TV once called him " a Beatle of Perestroika" referring to Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev s wide-ranging programme of reforms...
Vladimir Kara-Murza: Family's heartbreak at Putin critic's jail term
... His first significant political memory is of the failed coup in 1991, when hardliners tried to topple Mikhail Gorbachev and reverse his liberalising reforms...
Ukraine war: Ballerinas fight culture war against Russia
... The broadcast of Swan Lake in the former Soviet Union was often a sign of political upheaval - state TV interrupted programming by airing the ballet on a loop after the deaths of multiple leaders as well as during a failed coup against Mikhail Gorbachev in 1991...
Ukraine war: Russia's uncertain future a product of its past
... Some of his successors, like Nikita Khrushchev and Mikhail Gorbachev, did denounce Stalin s crimes...
Vladimir Putin at 70: Seven pivotal moments that made him
... " Putin learned to fear the sudden collapse of central power - and determined never to repeat what he felt was Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev s mistake, not to respond with speed and determination when faced by opposition...
Roman Abramovich: From orphan to sanctioned billionaire oligarch
... He moved on to perfumes and deodorants, building up his wealth as greater openness under Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev allowed more scope for entrepreneurs...
Ukraine crisis: The free world fights back against Putin
... After the fall of the Berlin Wall, George Herbert Walker Bush resisted the temptation to rejoice in America s Cold War victory - much to the astonishment of the White House press pack, he refused to travel to Berlin for a victory lap - knowing that it would bolster hardliners in the Politburo and military seeking to oust Mikhail Gorbachev...
Vladimir Putin at 70: Seven pivotal moments that made him
By Mark GaleottiAcademic and author
As Vladimir Putin nears His 70th birthday on Friday, how did he become the isolated autocrat who launched His disastrous invasion of Ukraine?
Seven pivotal moments in His life helped shape His thinking and explain His growing estrangement with The West .
Taking up judo, 1964Born in a Leningrad still scarred by its 872-day siege in World War Two, young Vladimir was a surly and combative boy at school - His Best Friend recalled that " he could get into a fight with anyone" because " he had no fear".
Nonetheless, a slight but scrappy young boy in a city overrun with street gangs needed an edge, and at the Age Of 12 he took up first sambo, a Russian martial art, And Then judo. He was determined and disciplined, and by The Time he was 18 had a judo Black Belt and third place in The National junior competition.
Of course, this has since been used as part of His carefully-curated macho persona, but it also confirmed His early Belief that in a dangerous world, you need to be confident but also realise that, in His own words, when a fight is inevitable, " you must hit first, and hit so hard that your opponent will not rise to His feet".
Asking the KGB for a job, 1968On the whole, people avoided going to 4 Liteyny Prospekt, the KGB political police HQ in Leningrad. So many had passed through its interrogation cells to the gulag labour camps in The Stalin era that the bitter joke was that the so-called Bolshoi Dom, the " Big House" was the tallest building in Leningrad, because one could see Siberia from its basement.
Nonetheless, when he was 16, Putin entered its red-carpeted reception and asked the rather bemused officer behind the desk how he could join. He was Told that he needed to have completed military service or a degree, and so he even asked which degree was best.
Law, he was Told - and from that point, Putin was determined to graduate law, after which he was duly recruited. To Putin the street-smart bruiser, the KGB was the biggest gang in town, offering security and advancement even to someone with no Party connections.
But it also represented a chance to be a mover and Shaker - as he himself said about The Spy films he watched as a teenager, " one spy could decide the fate of thousands of people".
A mob surrounds him, 1989For all His hopes, Putin's KGB career never really took off. He was a solid worker, but no high flier. Nonetheless, he had applied himself to learning German, and this got him an appointment to the KGB's liaison offices in Dresden in 1985.
There he settled into a comfortable expat life, but in November 1989, The East German regime began to collapse, with shocking speed.
On 5 December, a mob surrounded the Dresden KGB building. Putin desperately rang the nearest Red Army garrison to request protection, and they helplessly replied " we cannot do anything Without Orders from Moscow. And Moscow is silent. "
Putin learned to fear the sudden collapse of central Power - and determined never to repeat what he felt was Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev 's mistake, not to respond with speed and determination when faced by opposition.
Brokering the 'Oil for Food' programme, 1992Putin would later leave the KGB as the Soviet Union imploded, but soon secured a position as fixer for The Reformist new mayor of what was now St Petersburg.
The economy was in freefall, and Putin was charged with managing a deal to try and help The City 's people get by, swapping $100m (£88m) worth of oil and metal for food.
In practice, No One saw any food, but according to an investigation, quickly suppressed, Putin, His friends and The City 's gangsters pocketed The Money .
In the " wild 90s" Putin quickly learned that political influence was a monetisable commodity, and gangsters could make useful allies. When everyone around him was profiting from their positions, why shouldn't he?
Invading Georgia, 2008When Putin became Russian president in 2000, he hoped to be able to build a positive relationship with The West - on His own terms, including a sphere of influence across the former Soviet Union . He soon became disappointed, then angry, believing The West was actively trying to isolate and demean Russia.
When Georgian president Mikheil Saakashvili committed His country to joining Nato, Putin saw red and a Georgian attempt to regain control over the Russian-backed breakaway region of South Ossetia became an excuse for a punitive operation.
In Five Days , Russian forces shattered the Georgian military and forced a humiliating peace on Saakashvili.
The West was outraged, yet within a year, US president Barack Obama was offering to " reset" relations with Russia, and Moscow was even awarded The Right to host the 2018 football World Cup .
To Putin, it was clear that might made right - and a weak and inconstant West would huff and puff, but ultimately back down in The Face of a determined will.
Protests in Moscow, 2011-13A widespread - and Credible - Belief that the 2011 parliamentary elections were rigged sparked protests that were only galvanised when Putin announced that he would be standing for re-election in 2012.
Known as the " Bolotnaya Protests" after the Moscow Square that they filled, this represented the largest expression of public opposition yet under Putin.
His Belief was that The Rallies were initiated, encouraged and directed by Washington, blaming US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton personally.
To Putin, it was evidence that the gloves were off, and The West was coming directly for him, and that, in effect, he was now At War .
Isolating from Covid, 2020-21When Covid-19 swept across the globe, Putin went into an isolation unusual even for personalistic autocrats, with anyone going to meet him being isolated for a fortnight under guard And Then having to pass through a corridor bathed in germ-killing ultraviolet light and fogged in disinfectant.
In This Time , The Number of allies and advisers able to have face time with Putin shrank dramatically to a handful of yes-men and fellow hawks.
Exposed to fewer alternative opinions and scarcely even seeing His own country, Putin seems to have " learned" that all His assumptions were right and all His prejudices justified, and The Seeds of The Invasion of Ukraine were planted.
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Source of news: bbc.com