Mikhail Gorbachev
Gorbachev: On My Country and the World
Perestroika: New Thinking for Our Country and the World
Manifesto for the Earth: Action Now for Peace, Global Justice and a Sustainable Future
Conversations with Gorbachev
The Search for a New Beginning: Developing a New Civilization
Mikhail Gorbachev: Prophet of Change : from the Cold War to a Sustainable World
Perestroika and Soviet-American Relations
Reykjavik, Results & Lessons
Über mein Land. Rußlands Weg ins 21. Jahrhundert
Mikhail Gorbachev: Selected Speeches and Articles
The Road We Traveled, the Challenges We Face: Speeches, Articles, Interviews
Speeches and Writings
At the Summit: Speeches and Interviews, February 1987-July 1988
For a Nuclear- free World: Speeches and Statements by the General Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee on Nuclear Disarmament Problems, January 1986-January 1987
Working Together: Diversity as Opportunity
U. S. S. R. - U. S. A. Summit, Moscow, May 29-June 2, 1988
Man Who Changed the World: The Lives of Mikhail Gorbachev
Peace Has No Alternative
Perestroika
My Russia
A Call to Divine Unity: Letter of Imam Khomeini, the Great Leader of the Islamic Revolution and Founder of the Islamic Republic of Iran, to Mikhail Gorbachev, Leader of the Soviet Union
Perestroika: How New is Gorbachev's New Thinking?
Mikhail Gorbachev: Memoirs
The New Russia
Mikhail Gorbachev Life story
Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev was a Soviet and Russian politician who served as the eighth and final leader of the Soviet Union from 1985 to the country's dissolution in 1991.
Physical Characteristics
Mikhail gorbachev was born on march 2.1931 in privolnoye.Russia.He was 5 feet 8 inches tall and weighed around 160 pounds.He had bleu eyes and a slender body type.Family
Mikhail gorbachev was the son of maria panteleyevna and vasily gorbachev.He had two siblings.A brother naemd ivktor and a sister named mariah.E was married to raisa gorbacheva and had two children.A daughter named irina and a son named anatoly.Life Story
Mikhail gorbachev was born in a peasant family in the village of privolnoye in stavropol krai.Russia.He studied law at moscow state university and graduated in 1955.After graduation.He worked as a lawyer in stavropol and then in msocow.In 1970.He was appointed to the centrla committee of the commuinst party of the soviet union and in 1979 he became the general secretary of the communist party.In 1985.He was elected as the president of the soviet union.Success
Mikhail gorbachev is best known for his role in ending the cold war and introducing the policies of glasnost and perestiroka.He was awarded the nobel peace prize in 1990 for his efforts to reduce cold war tensions and for his commitment to democracy and uhman rights.He also receievd numerous other awards and honors.Including the order of lenin.The order of the october revolution.And the order of the red banner of labor.Zodiac Sign.Nationality
Mikhail gorbcahev was a pisces and a russian citizen.Education.Actual Occupation.Relationships.Career
Mikhail gorbachev studied law at moscow state university and graduated in 1955.After graduation.He worked as a lawyer in stavropol and then in mosocw.In 1970.He was appointed to the centrla committee of the communist party of the soviet union and in 1979 he became the general secretary of the communist party.In 1985.He was elected as the president of the soviet union.After leaving office in 1991.He founded the gorbachev foundation and the social democratic party of russia.He is currently a mmeber of the international advisory board of the council on foreign relations.Putin and Wagner boss Prigozhin: How a long friendship turned ugly
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... Some of his successors, like Nikita Khrushchev and Mikhail Gorbachev, did denounce Stalin s crimes...
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... " Putin learned to fear the sudden collapse of central power - and determined never to repeat what he felt was Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev s mistake, not to respond with speed and determination when faced by opposition...
Roman Abramovich: From orphan to sanctioned billionaire oligarch
... He moved on to perfumes and deodorants, building up his wealth as greater openness under Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev allowed more scope for entrepreneurs...
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... After the fall of the Berlin Wall, George Herbert Walker Bush resisted the temptation to rejoice in America s Cold War victory - much to the astonishment of the White House press pack, he refused to travel to Berlin for a victory lap - knowing that it would bolster hardliners in the Politburo and military seeking to oust Mikhail Gorbachev...
Ukraine war: Russia's uncertain future a product of its past
By Steve RosenbergRussia Editor, St Petersburg
In his St Petersburg apartment, university lecturer Denis Skopin shows me the document which has changed his life.
It's headed: " Directive No. 87/2D. Subject: Dismissal. "
Until recently Denis was associate professor at The Faculty of Liberal Arts and Sciences of St Petersburg State University . But on 20 October the university sacked him for " an immoral act incompatible with educational functions".
What was this so-called immoral act? Participation in an " unsanctioned" rally.
On 21 September Denis joined a street protest against the Kremlin's decision to draft Russians to fight in Ukraine. Earlier in The Day , President Vladimir Putin had declared " partial mobilisation" across the country. During The Demonstration Denis was arrested and spent 10 days in jail.
" Freedom of expression in Russia is in crisis, " Denis tells me. " All kinds of freedoms are In Deep crisis. "
" After I was released from detention, I worked for three more weeks. The university sent me letters asking me to explain my absence. I replied that I'd been arrested for participation in a protest and put in detention. Then the Human Resources department called me and told me that I'd been sacked. "
On his final day at work, Denis's students gathered outside the university to Say Goodbye .
In an impromptu speech (the video was posted online) he told them:
" What is an immoral act? Acting against your conscience and passively obeying Someone Else 's orders. I acted according To My conscience. I Am sure that The Future of Our Country belongs to you. "
The Students broke into applause for their sacked teacher.
" I love my students very much, " Denis tells me. " They are very smart and they understand very well what is Happening Now in Russia. Their [show of] approval was not for me personally. Rather, it was disapproval of what is Happening Now in Russia.
" Many people in Russia don't dare to protest because they risk being punished for it. But many would like to. And, for these people, providing approval to those who do protest is a way of disagreeing with what is happening in Russia. "
Denis Skopin's story highlights not just the pressure which opponents of the Kremlin's " special military operation" are coming under here. It also raises questions about Russia's future.
" Locked Up with me in the detention centre there were IT specialists, scientists, doctors, teachers and students. Many of them are now abroad. Like my cell-mate, a young talented mathematician.
" About 25% of my immediate colleagues have already left Russia. They left after 24 February. Some of them left immediately, some left after mobilisation was declared. I think Russia is losing The Best people now. The Most educated, The Most energetic, The Most critically thinking people are leaving the country. In short, Russia is going in the wrong direction. "
An uncertain future is not solely the consequence of The Present . It is also The Product of Russia's past.
Across town a small group of St Petersburg residents is standing beside a monument to The Victims of Joseph Stalin 's Great Terror of The 1930S .
The Monument is made out of a large rock from the remote Solovetsky Islands , home to one of The Most notorious forced labour camps of the Gulag. Solovki camp was Set Up to imprison political prisoners alongside other convicts.
People are queuing up at a microphone. They are taking it in turns to read out names of individuals who were arrested, condemned and executed in and around St Petersburg.
It is thought that Soviet dictator Stalin had A Million of his own citizens executed. Millions more lives were destroyed in his machine of terror which cranked out arrests, deportations and forced labour on a mass scale. Some of his successors, like Nikita Khrushchev and Mikhail Gorbachev , did denounce Stalin's crimes.
And yet, in Vladimir Putin 's Russia, Stalin has enjoyed something of a rehabilitation. The Authorities today place less emphasis on the darker chapters of The Stalin years, while Stalin himself is often portrayed as a strongman who defeated Nazi Germany and turned the Soviet Union into a superpower. Putin's Kremlin seeks positives in The Past - victories.
" Unfortunately, Our Country didn't turn over this page properly. Stalin's repressions were not talked about enough or fully condemned. This is why The War in Ukraine is happening today, " says pensioner Ludmila, who has come to lay flowers at the Solovki Stone.
" Experience shows that remaining silent leads to bad things. We mustn't forget the bloody stains of Our Country 's history. "
Sacked university lecturer Denis Skopin has studied The Stalin years. He sees parallels between then and now.
" I just published a book in English about how people in Stalin's Russia removed from group photographs those who were declared 'enemy of The People '. Colleagues, friends or even close relatives had to remove all signs of them from photographs. They did it with scissors and with ink.
" The Faculty where I taught had a partnership with Bard College , an American Liberal Arts college. Last Year Bard College was declared an 'undesirable organisation' in Russia. So, our faculty broke the partnership and the Bard College name was removed from The Stands displayed in The Corridors of our faculty using exactly black ink. In the same way as in Stalin's Russia. "
If, as Denis claims, his students " understand very well" what is happening in Russia and Ukraine, that raises A Question : if young Russians are not convinced by the Kremlin's arguments, how will The Authorities persuade The Public long-term to rally round The Flag and back The President ?
Answer: by making sure Young People " understand" events as the Kremlin does.
To help achieve that, a new patriotic lesson has been introduced into schools across Russia for all schoolchildren: " Conversations About Important Things. " It is not part of the official curriculum, but it is the First Lesson on a Monday Morning and children are strongly encouraged to attend.
What " important things" are discussed there? Well, when President Putin played teacher in Kaliningrad in September, he told a group of children that the aim of Russia's offensive in Ukraine was to " protect Russia" and he described Ukraine as an " anti-Russian enclave. " You can see which way the " Conversation" goes.
" This is forced education. To My mind this is as dangerous as it was in Soviet times when we had 'political information' lessons, " says St Petersburg teacher Olga Milovidova, who retired last month. " In Those Days we had to read the newspaper Pravda. And I remember we had to read books by [Soviet leader] Brezhnev As If they were masterpieces. We had to give only positives opinions. There was no critical discussion.
" Education and patriotism mustn't be put together, " believes Olga, who was a deputy school director. " There are children who just believe. They open their eyes and they are ready To Believe in anything. That is very dangerous. "
Source of news: bbc.com