Political Parties
| Use attributes for filter ! | |
| Originally published | 1911 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Robert Michels |
| LC Class | JF2049. M6 |
| Page count | 401 |
| OCLC | 02067594 |
| Translators | Eden Paul |
| Cedar Paul | |
| Date of Reg. | |
| Date of Upd. | |
| ID | 2042474 |
About Political Parties
Political Parties: A Sociological Study of the Oligarchical Tendencies of Modern Democracy is a book by the sociologist Robert Michels, published in 1911 and first introducing the concept of iron law of oligarchy. It is considered one of the classics of social sciences, in particular sociology and political science.
South Africa: The region where political violence is on the rise ahead of elections
... KwaZulu means " place of the Zulus" and has a long history of violence - from the 19th Century wars of King Shaka, the struggle against the British Empire, then against apartheid, and the conflict between Political Parties that threatened to derail South Africa s transition to democracy in the 1990s...
Chris Mason: Brexit means buck now stops with government on immigration
... The reaction of our Political Parties to these numbers is worth unpicking...
Geert Wilders' victory in Netherlands election spooks Europe
......
Troubles Legacy Act to be challenged at Belfast High Court
... Opponents, which include victims groups and all Political Parties at Stormont, have argued it will remove access to justice...
US Supreme Court takes on ethics row with first-ever code of conduct
... The guidance goes on to note that most academic, legal, religious or cultural associations would not present such a problem, while events affiliated with Political Parties or campaigns would...
French march against antisemitism shakes up far right and far left
... For the first time ever, a major demonstration attended by representatives of the major Political Parties will include the far right - but not the far left...
Portuguese PM António Costa resigns over lithium deal probe
... President Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa said he had accepted the prime minister s resignation and summoned Political Parties for consultations on Wednesday...
BBC chief grilled by Conservative MPs over Israel-Gaza coverage
... A BBC spokesman said Mr Davie had attended the meeting because he had been asked as part of his regular meetings with Political Parties...
Parent school donations 'exacerbating inequality'
Some schools say they need donations for "necessities", such as books
Pupils in some of the poorest regions of England are losing Out because parents cannot afford to fill a funding shortfall with donations, Bbc News has Found .
In 2017-18, the average school in London raised £43,000 from donations. In Yorkshire , it was just £13,300.
The Fair Education Alliance said this gap "exacerbates unfairness between rich and poor".
The main Political Parties have all pledged to improve school funding.
Money is often brought in through fundraising events, such as this mud runThe BBC's Victoria Derbyshire programme's analysis of Department for Education data shows the average school in England generated £59 Per pupil from donations in 2017-18 - 1. 07% of its overall budget.
The Money is often raised through events, such as fun runs and school fairs.
But there is a clear divide across the UK.
While schools in London, The East of England (£24,585 Per year) and the North West (£20,844) are The Most likely to profit; those in Yorkshire (£13,288), the North East (£13,394) and East Midlands (£17,044) struggle.
Individual schools also fare very differently.
One school in Sunderland gained just £679 from donations, the equivalent of 43p Per pupil, in 2017-18.
One city's disparityAt Westmoor Primary School - just outside Newcastle - fewer than 6% of pupils are eligible for free school meals.
There, a recent muddy Fun Run raised £4,500 for pupils. While such events last year brought in £16,000 - or £45 Per child.
The Money , head teacher Sharon Trundley says, will go towards "necessities", such as books.
The School also has a set of iPads, "which we wouldn't have been able to buy outright [otherwise]", she adds.
Its donations are below The National average but above par for the North East.
In the north east, school donations are below The National averageSome schools, like Hawthorn Primary, fare much worse.
Based in Newcastle's City Centre , nearly 50% of its pupils have free school meals.
Last year its donations brought in just £1,200 - Less than £5. 50 Per pupil.
Head teacher Jane Dube says it is struggling with failing equipment such as outdated laptops.
"The parents we work with, the little they do have they need for their families and their homes," She Said .
"They are incredibly generous with The School but we can't always expect that to happen. "
It has just formed a parent teacher association to try to look for ways to bring in funding.
Sam Butters, head of The Fair Education Alliance - a coalition of 150 organisations aimed at tackling perceived inequalities in The School System - said: "The fact that parents in wealthier areas can afford to fill some of this funding gap exacerbates unfairness between rich and poor.
"We know that schools in all areas are cash-strapped as funding has decreased in real terms during the period of austerity, so it is not surprising that they are making efforts to seek funds from alternative sources.
"Teachers and school leaders are increasingly reporting a lack of funding for necessities - including, for example, teaching assistants to support in classrooms.
"If insufficient school funding requires donations from parents to meet shortfalls, schools in deprived areas are going to lose Out . "
Found since 2009, spending had fallen by 8% Per pupil once rising costs such as pay and pension contributions were taken into account.
One head teacher in in South London she had had to scrub the toilets, clean The School and work in the canteen because of funding shortages.
Education spending: Where do parties standAll five main parties in England have made pledges On Education . Here are some of their key policies:
Compare The Party manifestos.
Follow the BBC's Victoria Derbyshire programme on and - and see more of our Stories .
schools, state schools, newcastle upon tyne
Source of news: bbc.com
