Pledges

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A picture shows the carbon dioxide emissions on the earth

A critical 12 months in the fight against the rising temperatures begins in Madrid This Week , as UN delegates gather for important conversations.

the 25th conference of the parties, or COP, to see the negotiators from almost 200 countries present.

Before The Meeting , the Secretary-General of the UN has warned that The World to The Point of no return.

António Guterres said the global response to the so far "totally inadequate".

The session Will take place in the midst of a myriad of Bad News about Climate Change in The Last few days.

World Meteorological organization announced that in the year 2018.

The UN environment programme showed that the 1. 5C. Hold the railing to a five-fold increase in carbon-cutting ambitions of the countries.

The UN Secretary-General, warned the delegates prior to The Meeting , "The Point of no return was on the horizon".

"We just have to dig just stop and drill", and make use of the far-reaching possibilities offered by Renewable Energy and nature-based solutions," said Guterres.

as well As the requirement to increase the negotiators to their level of carbon ambition cut in this meeting, Mr Guterres announced that The Governor of The Bank of England, Mark Carney assumes The Role of the UN special representative on climate policy and climate financing.

Was not this meeting actually, in Chile? Yes, this annual event, the conference of the parties, or COP was in the Chilean capital Santiago this year.

After a brief flurry of diplomatic activity, with Chile, the diplomatic negotiations Will continue.

The Spaniards argue that it is important to support the UN process, which depends on global cooperation in the context of the rise of nationalism in The World .

"COP25 Will reaffirm that multilateralism is The Best tool for the solution of global challenges such as Climate Change ," said Spain's minister for the ecological transition, Teresa Ribera .

"Neither the United Nations nor The International community, we have the climate agenda fall, in spite of the challenges for the Organisation of this event, because this is a crucial moment, in order to drive implementation and measures. Spain immediately offered to organize The Summit in record time. There is no going back. "

What to achieve in this meeting? The Hope is that this meeting Will focus the minds of international diplomats on the huge scale of The Challenge .

governments have promised to update their climate commitments up to 2020, when.

But so far, despite the urging of scientists, important improvements have been authorize promise slowly to the material.

Many Nations have aspirations for carbon neutrality in the long-term, But they have only slowly to certain short-term obligations on the table.

"approximately 70 countries have committed to climate neutrality by 2050, this must be done in Madrid COP," said Sonam Wangdi, The Chair of the Least Developed countries (LDC) group in the UN climate negotiations.

", It must do an agreement Among Us , everything, our fair share. If it's not just in Madrid, it could be Too Late for the 2020 commitments. "

hope for Madrid is that the Assembly can be avoided, great bust-ups and hold the edge to the front.

It also has to be overcome, two banana-Skins - loss and damage, and carbon markets.

What is loss and damage and why is it important? This Problem is the negotiations for several years has followed now, But it is very likely that it Will come to a head in Madrid.

loss and damage are effects that cannot be avoided or adapted by the countries.

Extreme weather events such as hurricane Kenneth in Mozambique are examples of loss and damage, say activists, Some experts say "take the loss", the complete destruction of life somewhat like people, habitats and species. "Damage" refers to something that can be repaired, such as roads or buildings.

So the examples given are the rise in sea levels, which can not be avoided, or storms, associated with rising temperatures.

Back in 2013, Under Pressure from developing countries, the climate talks have a special forum for the discussion of loss and damage. In Madrid, the delegates have to decide, as you progress. Poorer countries want the loss and damage to the teeth, the inside of the UN-setup, and especially the financing. have

"Everyone must realize that it is not necessary, And Then it must have a financing window," said Sonam Wangdi from the least developed countries.

"Once you have that, where the financing comes from is secondary, at the Moment, there are no funds. "

Rich countries fear that the whole question is a possibility to bind you in payment for sea-level rise and storms for centuries, because of the large proportion of the carbon originates in the atmosphere from fossil fuels by the developed world.

As the conference is 150 environment begins to have written,-groups, including climate activists Naomi Klein and Lidy Nacpil, of the Minister, sufficient funding for loss and damage challenge.

you say, who can demonstrate a combination of climate disasters and debt, toxic to the development of the Nations.

"The climate crisis is caused by death, despair and displacement in the global South," said Harjeet Singh of Action Aid.

"This is bullying of the countries hit hardest by Climate Change , of those who become rich from extraction and consumption of fossil fuels must end now. "

What a load of Hot Air with carbon markets? Hot Air is in fact one of the major concerns with the issue of carbon markets.

In The Past , countries richer have often paid for the carbon reduction projects in poorer Nations.

The rich have left already to the fact that the carbon stored by these projects against their emissions.

These systems have been discredited amid allegations of fraud and "double counting", where both the poor and the rich countries are counted, the same reduction in emissions as part of their plans.

A wind farm constructed in China, with support from richer countries. The carbon credits created by projects such as this are controversial, to increase article six of the MOU, the reform of these carbon markets, in the knowledge that, if they were transparent, and effective you really can help, ambitions.

discussions on how the new arrangements would work were to be completed due to, in Katowice at The Cop last year, But . Brazil resisted all attempts to curtail double-counting. Other countries wanted to continue forward carbon credits from older systems.

Some also want to be able to sell or carry-forward credits, when you over achieve on your existing carbon-cutting plans, the observer Will feel encouraged countries to a low bar in terms of the obligations.

experts often, these types of loans call, "Hot Air ", since they are more an accounting exercise than a real reduction of carbon dioxide.

The amount of "Hot Air " is huge, running into billions of tonnes of carbon. Experts fear that this could Pact to undermine the integrity of the Paris--if you are allowed to be continued.

"We believe that these markets Will have an impact, But you must said, the result in a real reduction on the ground," Sonam Wangdi from the least developed countries.

", The option is required, and the carbon market is one of the tools, But it must have ecological integrity, and they must be transparent and there must be a real reduction. "

Why did Madrid no matter whether the actual date of 2020? To try to come to a unanimous agreement among nearly 200 countries, such as the fight against Climate Change is a really big ask. The agreement reached In Paris in 2015 only, after six long years, the snail pace of the negotiations.

It was The Deal that the diplomats had hoped to strike in the failed Copenhagen COP in 2009.

So, if The Goal is that the countries of new commitments in by the end of 2020, Madrid is an important snapshot of what can be achieved realistically.

countries often tend to Hold Back their commitments until they see what others do likely to. Madrid Will give an insight into whether it Will show the readiness of some of the larger countries, such as India, China and the EU leadership.

"After 30 years in the representation of interests and the optimism that we see a COP 25 take as The Last opportunity for decisive action," said Ambassador Janine Felson of Belize, The Deputy Chairman of The Alliance of Small Island States.

"Nothing less than a far greater commitment to emission reduction through new national plans that are in line with our fight for a 1. 5-degree world, more dynamics in the direction of the redemption of the 2020 climate Finance commitments in a new climate-Finance-target to a 1. 5-grade-world-and concrete support for disaster relief and reconstruction in Small Island and developing countries to accept a signal for readiness for disaster. "

What of the United States - Will play a role? In The Last few years, the U.S.-supported side events, the extraction of coal and Will probably continue to do so in The Future .

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Source of news: bbc.com