About Northern Europe
Northern Europe is the geographical region in Europe roughly north of the southern coast of the Baltic Sea, which is about 54°N. Narrower definitions may be based on other geographical factors such as climate and ecology. A broader definition would include the area north of the Alps.
Royal Navy sends second warship to Gulf
... Mr Shapps described the deployment as historic - with allies from across Northern Europe working together " to defend our shared critical infrastructure against potential threats"...
Iceland volcano: what will the impact be?
... One of the most extensive eruptions in Iceland was back in 1783 when there was a flood of lava which lasted for eight months, and produced extensive sulphur clouds which hung over Northern Europe for more than five months and to have caused cooling of about 1...
P& O Britannia cruise ship docks in Southampton for repair
... " P& O said Britannia would leave at 20:00 (BST) on Friday for its next trip around Northern Europe and Scandinavia and that other future cruises would also go ahead as planned...
TRNSMT festival to open with Pulp in headline slot
... " Obviously you can only get acts who are available on the weekend and available in Northern Europe...
Oil giant Shell warns cutting production ‘dangerous'
... Mr Sawan said an international bidding war for gas last year saw poorer countries like Pakistan and Bangladesh unable to afford Liquid Natural Gas (LNG) shipments that were instead diverted to Northern Europe...
Global warming set to break key 1. 5C limit for first time
... Northern Europe including the UK will likely experience increased rainfall for the May to September period over the next five years, the report says...
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... There have already been more than 100 successful reintroduction projects in North America and Northern Europe...
UK weather: How long will the cold snap last?
... Data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts shows how Northern Europe - including the UK - is expected to be colder than usual across the course of next week, while southern Europe is expected to be warmer than usual...
Iceland volcano: what will the impact be?
By Esme StallardClimate and science reporter, Bbc News
Iceland is bracing itself for a volcanic eruption in The Coming days. Why is this happening, and what might be the impact?
Since late October the region surrounding the Icelandic capital, Reykavik, in the south-west has been experiencing an increase in earthquake activity.
This is due to a underground river of Magma - Hot liquid or semi-liquid Rock - About 15-km (10 miles) in length moving upwards below The Earth 's surface.
This runs under Iceland and part of the Atlantic Ocean , and the impact of an eruption on the Country - and further afield with regard to Aviation - will depend on where exactly the Magma breaches The Surface .
One town, Grindavik, which lies directly above the Magma , has already been evacuated, due to The Risk of 'fire fountains' and noxious gasses.
Dr Bill Mcguire , professor emeritus of Geophysical & Climate Hazards, UCL, said: " Grindavik is very close to The Position of the new fracture, and its survival is far from assured. Everything depends upon where Magma eventually reaches The Surface , but The Situation doesn't look good for The Residents of The Town . "
If a volcano erupts offshore, or erupts on land And Then flows into The Sea , then there is The Risk of an explosive ash cloud as The Super Hot Rock comes into contact with the water.
In April 2010, the Eyjafjallajokull volcanic eruption, caused the largest closure of European airspace since World War II, as a result of an extensive ash cloud, with losses estimated at between 1. 5bn and 2. 5bn euros (£1. 3-2. 2bn).
The circumstances of this volcanic activity are very different and therefore such an extensive impact is not expected.
" The Eyjafjallajokull eruption of 2010 was quite different as it was associated with a Shield Volcano topped by a glacier. It was the interaction of the Magma with ice and melt water that made that eruption so explosive and dangerous for Aviation . This is not the case for Fagradalsfjall" said Dr Michele Paulatto, volcanologist at Imperial College London.
The Icelandic meteorological office estimates that currently the Magma is 800m from Breaking Ground , and as a result the likelihood of an eruption of Fagradalsfjall volcano is " high" and could happen in The Coming days.
Last Night the earthquakes were weaker but ground deformation continued, with rifts and cracks of a metre In Depth reported in roads suggesting that the Magma could be even closer to The Surface - A Sign that things may be coming to a head.
" In The Last few years we have had a diminishing and pause in earthquakes before volcanic eruptions happen, " Dr Evgenia Ilyinskaya, Icelandic geophysicist and co-director of The International Volcanic Health Hazard Network, told The Bbc .
Iceland is very used to volcanic activity - successfully building a tourist industry on it - because it sits over the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. The Earth 's crust is fractured into different plates, and at the ridge the Eurasian and North American plates are moving apart at a few centimetres a year. This allows Magma to Rise Up to The Surface , which erupts as lava and/or ash.
The nature of volcanic eruptions varies depending upon The Rock type and how the plates are moving.
One of The Most extensive eruptions in Iceland was back in 1783 when there was a flood of lava which lasted for eight months, and produced extensive sulphur clouds which hung over Northern Europe for More Than five months and to have caused cooling of About 1. 3C for The Following two years.
Dr Ilyinskaya, who is in regular contact with geologists on the ground, told The Bbc that: " It looked concerning back on Friday and Saturday that we could have something of that scale, in those rare but large events of course that would have huge implications for air quality in the Northern hemisphere.
" That is not The Situation that is likely at The Moment . "
The latest evidence that emerged on Sunday and Monday She Said suggests the eruption will be much smaller than previously thought.
Related TopicsSource of news: bbc.com
