Laurence Tubiana

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Some of the difficult questions, proved to be impossible, in Madrid

The longest United Nations climate talks on record finally landed in Madrid, a compromise offer.

Exhausted delegates reached agreement on the Central question of the increase in the global response to reducing carbon.

" All countries have to new climate pledges on the table by the time the next major conference in Glasgow next year.

departments on other issues, including the carbon markets - were delayed until the next meeting.

What was agreed?

After a further two days and nights of negotiations, delegates finally agreed to a deal that the new, improved carbon see cutting plans on the table by the time of the Glasgow conference next year.

" All the parties must, in order to prevent The Gap between what science says is necessary to avoid dangerous Climate Change and the current state of the game, which would see The World go by, this threshold in the 2030s.

Supported by the European Union and Small Island States, the push for higher ambition was, however, a number of countries, including the USA, Brazil, India and China.

However, a compromise was agreed, with the richer Nations need to show that you kept your promise on Climate Change in The Years before 2020.

Large print to the UK

the Next year, the big climate conference in Glasgow , Scotland and that any quantity of a tremendous amount of pressure on the British Prime Minister Boris Johnson .

He's already been warned by environmentalists that he humiliated himself "" if he's not trying to lead other Nations, while the UK targets its own medium-term climate.

The UK's climate advisors warn that tens of millions of households need to be isolated.

Other experts say that Mr Johnson's £28. 8bn-road-building-plans are not compatible with the elimination of CO2 emissions.

you don't say, even fully-electric cars completely solve the problem, and are calling on the government to help people cycle and walk, for the sake of the health and The Environment .

they also say that increasing traffic increases the emissions.

Mr Johnson ' s " Brexit decisions play a role, too. The US is not a debate about Climate Change in any trade offer. Meanwhile, the EU is placing on the market of a border control in the countries that do not cut greenhouse gases. It will be impossible to please both.

What is the reaction?

UN Secretary-General, Antonio Guterres , said he was disappointed with the result.

"The International community will be lost, to show an important opportunity for increased ambition on mitigation, adaptation and financing to tackle the climate crisis," he said, quoted by AFP.

Meanwhile, Laurence Tubiana of the European Climate Foundation, and an architect of the Paris Memorandum of understanding, described the result as "really a mixed bag, and far away from what the science tells us is required. "

"Major Player, which is required to be in Madrid did not live up to expectations, but thanks to a Progressive Alliance of Small Island States, of the European, African and Latin American countries, we achieved The Best possible result, but against The Will of big polluters. "

decisions on other questions, including the difficult issue of emissions trading has been delayed until Glasgow .

greeted with This aspect of the business was of activists.

"fortunately, the weak rules on a market-based mechanism, supported by Brazil and Australia, which would have undermined efforts to reduce emissions ad Acta has been laid and the battle can continue in the next year to COP26 in Glasgow ," says Mohamed Adow, The Group 's Power Shift Africa

Many of those present were not satisfied with the overall package, the feel, The Urgency of the science has necessarily.

Spain is acting Minister for the Ecological Transition, Teresa Ribera , said the order was clear.

"the countries have ambitious NDC [National contribution] in the year 2020 than what we have today, because the science and the requirements of the population, it is important, as well as commit ourselves to do more and Faster . "

But to have the dealer be satisfied with kept The Process alive after these difficult and complex talks in Madrid.

What is The Evidence for Global Warming ?

The World is now more widespread, almost a degree Celsius warmer than pre-industrial levels, far, according to The World Meteorological Organization (WMO).

with The Years 2015-2018 make The Top four.

The WMO says that if the current warming trend persists, it could increase the temperature by 3-5C by the end of This Century .

with A threshold of 2C was for a long time as the gate to dangerous warming. More recently, scientists and policy makers have argued that

suggested But the IPCC report in the year 2018, the retention of the 1. 5C-destination

is How Climate Change is on us?

There are different degrees of uncertainty about the extent of the potential impact.

But the changes could drive freshwater shortages, bring sweeping changes to our ability to produce food, and increase The Number of deaths due to floods, storms, heat waves, and droughts.

Even if we greenhouse gas emissions dramatically now, scientists say the effects will continue because parts of the climate system, in particular the large body of water and ice, can take hundreds of years to respond to changes in temperature.

It also takes greenhouse gases decades to be removed from the atmosphere.

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Source of news: bbc.com