Dynamic Duo

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There were protests against The Move in Kashmir

Indian-administered Kashmir has been in the context of an unprecedented lockdown since last week, according to India, article 370, a constitutional provision granting the region special status canceled. Sumantra Bose , professor of international and Comparative Politics at the London School of Economics (LSE), explains why the decision is full of challenges.

at the end of October , Jammu and Kashmir will cease to be a state in India.

last week, India's Parliament, the decision of the German Federal government decided with a large majority, the division of The State into two union territories, Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh . Union territories have much less autonomy from the Federal government than States and are essentially the subject of Delhi's direct rule.

Almost 98% of the former state population in The Union territory of Jammu and Kashmir, consisting of two regions - the Muslim-majority Kashmir Valley , about eight million people, the Hindu-majority Jammu, which has about six million euros. The third region, the newly created union territory of Ladakh , is a height-to-desert, inhabited by 300,000 people, almost the same number of Muslims and Buddhists.

meet the events of the Past week, is a Hindu nationalist demand dates back to the early 1950s: the abolition of article 370.

Hindu nationalists have for seven decades, vehemently denounced the article 370 as an example of the "appeasement policy" of India's only Muslim-majority state. This objection to article 370 also was congruent with the Hindu-nationalist " ideological conviction that India should be a unitary and centralized nation-state.

The "reorganization" of Jammu and Kashmir is also reflected in a long-standing Hindu nationalist agenda.

In 2002, the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), The Core organization of the Hindu nationalist movement that demanded to be divided The State into three parts: a separate Hindu-majority Jammu, The State ; the Muslim-majority Kashmir Valley and union territory status for Ladakh .

Kashmiris say they live in an "open air prison"

at the same time, the " Vishwa Hindu Parishad (VHP), a RSS-affiliate, called for The State is divided into four parts: a separate state of Jammu, and Ladakh as a union territory to stop, plus the elaboration of the exit is a large area with The Union territory status in Kashmir Valley , inhabited by the Kashmiri Pandits, The Valley of the small Hindu minority, who were forced, almost en masse, when the uprising broke out there in 1990.

Under the VHP plan, what remained of the Kashmir Valley would then be left to the Muslim majority.

The call of Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Home Minister Amit Shah that the autonomy enshrined by article 370 is The Cause of "separatism" in Jammu and Kashmir, is disingenuous.

Largely Symbolic

That the autonomy stripped already to a large extent, through a series of integrative measures on The State of Federal governments between the mid-1950s and mid-1960s.

By the mid-1960s, what remained of article 370 was largely Symbolic - a state flag, The State , the Constitution, from the 1950s, was not existed much More Than a bundle of paper and a state, of the penal code, from the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir from 1846 to 1947.

article 35A, which prevents outsiders from buying land or property in The State , and ensures the priority in jobs to state residents, shall continue to apply. But again, its provisions were not only in Jammu and Kashmir.

A Number of Indian States including the North Indian States of Himachal Pradesh , Uttarakhand and Punjab, as well as several States in India, the North-Eastern periphery, have very similar protective measures for the local population.

The actual cause of the "separatism" in The State , which exploded in the rebellion of 1990, the de-facto revocation of the autonomy in the 1950s and 1960s, and the way in which it is installed, brought about by the collusion of the puppet local governments, which are ruled by Delhi and by turning The Place into a Police State of draconian laws was.

By Stripping Jammu and Kashmir and his rule of law, and dismembered it - an action without precedent in post-independence India - the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), the government has far beyond.

The building of the Indian Union on the member States, (29, soon to be 28), moderately Autonomous, Delhi. India's union territories, there are seven, rising to nine out of 31. October - little enjoyed none of the legal position and the powers of The States .

polarization

for A further carve-up of Jammu and Kashmir may be on The Anvil , as indicated by the RSS and the VHP in 2002. The trigger polarisation between the Hindu and the Muslim population in the region. to dominate

Shia Muslims of the Kargil district in Western Ladakh are also dissatisfied with their inclusion in the new union territory of Ladakh . The reaction among the Buddhists dominate Leh, Eastern Ladakh district, as well as under the Jammu Hindus suppressed was due to the loss of their rights, which by article 35A.

Mr modi has promised the people of the region have a bright future of development and progress. He also stated that elections would be held soon as a legislature for The Union territory of Jammu and Kashmir (Ladakh a union territory without a legislature).

such a choice is likely to be boycotted in the Kashmir Valley and the Jammu Muslims, and to a tooth-free area of The Union government, led by the BJP.

The government's radical Jammu and Kashmir, the initiative differs from that followed by the authoritarian, centralist policies of previous Indian governments in two crucial points.

First, former Federal professions, governments are always on you, the intermediary: customer pulled out from the Kashmir Valley in the political elite. Mr modi and Mr Shah have refrained from these intermediaries and opted for an ultra-centralist approach.

the Second, Delhi repression in Jammu and Kashmir and in the 1950s was always justified by the specific argument that the attitude of the Muslim majority in Jammu and Kashmir as part of India, was by any means necessary, necessary, to check India's claim of being a "secular state". Mr modi and Mr Shah, the nationalists two hardline Hindu, have no use for such convoluted reasoning.

radical movement

The Sheer radicalism of their approach, you can bite off More Than you can chew.

Kashmir gambit can help the BJP to weaken the prospects in the elections in some Indian States in October , and it also can temporarily distract from India's economy. But in its radicalism may be revived, the Kashmir Conflict in a way that the Dynamic Duo manage often hard to for the future.

Many democracies have regions with deep-rooted secessionist Impulse: the United Kingdom , Scotland, Canada-Quebec, Spain, in Catalonia.

What has the BJP government done is similar to what Serbia and the Milosevic regime in the year 1989 by unilaterally revoked the autonomy of Kosovo and the introduction of a Police State on Kosovo call-Albanian majority.

But the BJP government's approach to Kashmir, to go beyond what Milosevic for the Kosovo Albanians: submission.

The Hindu-nationalist government seems to be, ultimately, strive to define themselves assimilate insurgent Muslims in Jammu and Kashmir and in a form of Indian national identity and the ideology of their movement. This approach is comparable to that of the Chinese policy towards the Uighurs in the Xinjiang province.

But the Hindu nationalists do not know that India is an authoritarian one-party state. The Outlook is bleak.

Sumantra Bose is Professor of International and Comparative Politics at the London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE)

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Source of news: bbc.com