Direct Reference
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Google books | books.google.com |
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Originally published | 1993 |
Authors | François Recanati |
Date of Reg. | |
Date of Upd. | |
ID | 2065954 |
About Direct Reference
In this book Professor Recanati sets out to defend and systematize the much-discussed 'theory of Direct Reference', according to which the contribution made by a referential term (e. g. a proper name or demonstrative) to the proposition expressed by the sentence where it occurs is its reference. . . .
Charlottesville torch marchers face criminal charges six years later
... Joe Biden later launched his presidential campaign with a Direct Reference to the events in Charlottesville...
Rahul Gandhi: India's Congress leader sentenced to jail for Modi 'thieves' remark
... Legal scholar Gautam Bhatia tweeted that " references to a generic class of persons" - surnames in this case - are not " actionable unless an individual can show a Direct Reference to themselves"...
How the US power grid is a target for far-right groups
... The title is a Direct Reference to The Great Reset, a World Economic Forum post-pandemic economic recovery plan...
Ukraine war: World faces 'dark hour', Biden tells Quad summit
... There was also no Direct Reference to China or its activities, but the Quad nations announced a new maritime monitoring initiative that is expected to step up surveillance of Chinese activity in the region, along with a plan to spend at least $50bn (£40bn) on infrastructure projects and investment over the next five years...
Jeremy Corbyn calls to conduct work of resistance to the Conservatives in the year 2020
... In its traditional leader s new year message, Mr Corbyn makes no Direct Reference to the outcome of the election, or his own future, what suggests of 2019 the whole of the year for our country and for our work in movement ...
Rahul Gandhi: India's Congress leader sentenced to jail for Modi 'thieves' remark
By Cherylann MollanBBC News, Mumbai
Indian opposition leader Rahul Gandhi has been sentenced to two years in prison in a criminal defamation Case .
Mr Gandhi was convicted by The Court in Gujarat state for 2019 comments about Prime Minister Narendra Modi 's surname during an election rally.
He will not go to jail immediately - he has been given bail for 30 Days and can file an appeal against his conviction.
The Congress party MP was present In Court for sentencing, which comes a year before general elections are due.
in April 2019, ahead of The Last general election, Mr Gandhi had said: " Why do all thieves have Modi as their surname? Nirav Modi , Lalit Modi , Narendra Modi . "
Nirav Modi is a fugitive Indian diamond tycoon while Lalit Modi is a former chief of The Indian Premier League who has been banned For Life by the country's cricket board.
The Case was filed on the basis of a complaint by Purnesh Modi , a lawmaker from India's governing Bharatiya Janata Party, Who Said that Mr Gandhi's comments had defamed the entire Modi community.
But some have said they are puzzled by The Order .
Legal scholar Gautam Bhatia tweeted that " references to a generic class of persons" - Surnames in this Case - are not " actionable unless an individual can show a Direct Reference to themselves".
" If A Man says 'all lawyers are thieves', then I, as a lawyer, cannot file Case against him for defamation unless I can show its imputation aimed at me, " Mr Bhatia said.
The Congress party tweeted that Mr Gandhi will file an appeal and " we will fight and win".
Mr Gandhi has not commented publicly yet but has tweeted a quote in Hindi from Mahatma Gandhi : " My religion is based on truth and non-violence. Truth is My God , and non-violence the means to get it. "
His lawyer, Kirit Panwala, told BBC Gujarati that Mr Gandhi had told The Judge after The Order that he had made The Speech " in favour of democracy".
He also said that their defence of Mr Gandhi was based on four points: " Firstly, Mr Gandhi is not a resident of Gujarat and so, before the complaint, an inquiry should be conducted. Secondly, there is no community named Modi. Thirdly, there is no association of people with Modi as their surname and lastly, there was no ill intention behind Mr Gandhi's speech. "
India's criminal defamation law is a British-era legislation under which there can be a maximum prison sentence of two years or a fine or both.
Free speech advocates have often argued that The Law goes against the principles of freedom and that it is is used by politicians to silence their critics.
In 2016, some top Indian politicians including Mr Gandhi had filed legal pleas arguing for defamation to be decriminalised. But India's Supreme Court upheld the validity of The Law , saying that the " right to free speech cannot mean that a citizen can defame the other".
Read more India stories from The Bbc : Related TopicsSource of news: bbc.com