Covert Operations

The Police Ombudsman has found " collusive behaviour" by police in 11 loyalist murders, including the 1992 attack at

A report by Marie Anderson also identified " significant" investigative and intelligence failures.

She Said it was " totally unacceptable" that police used informants within the Ulster Defence Association (UDA) who were engaged in crimes such as murder.

Police apologised for the " failings identified".

Ms Anderson's 344-page report covers multiple attacks, mostly in the early 1990s.

The worst was at a in south Belfast in February 1992, when two UDA gunmen shot five Catholics dead and wounded seven others.

The Report found no evidence that any of the shootings was preventable.

A statement from Relatives for Justice and KRW Law said the families of victims felt vindicated by The Report 's findings.

It added: " The Report finds that 11 murdered citizens and their families were systemically failed by The British state in life and In Death .

" It is a damning report that is undiluted evidence of the policy of collusion as it was practiced in south Belfast, and across the north. "

An escalation of loyalist violence in the early 1990s led The Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) - The Police force of Northern Ireland at The Time - to expand its network of informants within The South Belfast UDA.

But some of them " were actively participating in serious criminality, including murder".

" This Was totally unacceptable and an illustration of how, on occasion, the interests of obtaining information from informants was given precedence over protection of The Public from paramilitary Crime and murder, " Ms Anderson said.

The Report , published on Tuesday, stated that eight south Belfast UDA members were linked by intelligence to The Murders or attempted murders of 27 people.

All eight individuals were police informants either at The Time of the attacks, or subsequent to them.

The ombudsman's report also identified a range of other collusive behaviours.

These included the " deliberate destruction" of files relating to the Sean Graham betting shop murders; intelligence failures which allowed loyalists to obtain weapons and a failure to exploit all evidential opportunities.

At 14:20 on Wednesday, 5 February 1992, two armed loyalist gunmen from the UDA walked into Sean Graham's bookmakers on Belfast's Ormeau Road.

They opened fire indiscriminately using automatic weapons, hitting 12 of the 13 customers who were inside.

Five people were murdered in The Attack . Seven more were wounded.

The Lower Ormeau is a mainly nationalist community and all of The Victims were from a Catholic background.

Those who died were Jack Duffin, 66; Willie McManus, 54; Christy Doherty, 52; Peter Magee, 18 and James Kennedy , 15.

Last week, in High Court actions over alleged state collusion in the killings.

Victims and relatives had issued legal cases against The Police Service of Northern Ireland chief constable, the UK government and the Ministry of Defence.

Several hundred people for The Victims on Saturday, marking 30 years since The Murders .

In respect of the bookmakers killings, She Said blood found on The Coat of a suspect for that attack was not tested against The Blood of those who were killed and injured.

Furthermore, a suspect's alibi was not tested.

Seventeen people were arrested and questioned about The Attack . Two People were charged with The Murders , but the charges were later withdrawn.

Mark Sykes , who survived The Attack , said The Report would take " days to process and come to terms with".

He added: " Immediately families are shocked to read in The Report that eight British state agents were involved in 27 murders and attempted murders. "

One of the weapons used at the Sean Graham betting shop was a Browning semi-automatic pistol stolen from an Army base two years earlier.

A police informant within the UDA gave it to The Police who deactivated it before returning it to the informant, along with other guns.

Ms Anderson said Covert Operations involving the deactivation of weapons for the purposes of frustrating major Crime could be an effective policing strategy, if accompanied by proper control mechanisms.

However, her report pointed out that police " lost control" of The Guns , including the deactivated Browning pistol.

The term collusion has been raised in several official reports and inquiries related to the Northern Ireland Troubles over The Past two decades.

But what does it mean?

It is worth stating there is No Offence of collusion, although it may involve a criminal act. It has been said to have many faces.

Generally, it covers a broad range of behaviours, from deliberate wilful actions to a " look The Other way" approach.

There is no universally accepted definition of collusion, but from 2003 onwards judges and others have spelled out what it means in a Northern Ireland context.

Read.

" Considered objectively, the release of weapons to this individual, given his history of unreliability and the potential for those weapons to be reactivated, demonstrated a disregard for the safety of members of The Public by The Police , " Ms Anderson said.

" As an objective independent observer, I find it inherently reckless that live weapons were provided to a terrorist in any circumstance.

" It is my view that this behaviour was collusive in nature. "

Ms Anderson said that the failure to retain records around this " controversial activity" was " indicative of a desire to avoid accountability".

The Police Ombudsman's report includes details of RUC conduct in relation to almost 10 loyalist attacks between 1990 and 1998.

All of The Victims were Catholic. The attacks were:

In a statement, Police Service of Northern Ireland Temporary Assistant Chief Constable Jonathan Roberts said he recognised the " continuing distress being felt by all of the families of those killed and injured in these attacks and want to acknowledge The Pain and suffering that they all continue to feel".

" Areas of The Report make uncomfortable reading and I want to offer my sincere apologies to the families of those killed and injured for the failings identified in this report, " He Said .

The Ulster Defence Association, formed in 1971, had tens of thousands of members at its peak.

It killed hundreds of people during The Troubles in Northern Ireland and often claimed responsibility for sectarian murders using The Cover name the Ulster Freedom Fighters (UFF).

A security assessment in 1985 found that 85% of The Intelligence used by the UDA to target people originated from The Police and Army and it was heavily reliant on leaks of information.

The UDA remained a legal organisation until it was banned in August 1992.

Notorious attacks by the UFF included The Shooting dead of five Catholics at a Belfast bookmakers in 1992 and the Greysteel Massacre The Following year.

In November 2007, the UDA issued a statement saying: " The War is over".

It later said it had stood down the UFF and all UFF weapons were being put " beyond use" but that did not mean they would be decommissioned.

In 2018, the then PSNI Chief Constable George Hamilton said members of the UDA were still involved in Organised Crime .

Source of news: bbc.com