The Gap

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Since the end of the second World War , immigration to the UK has changed.

After The War , less than a 25 of the population were born outside of the country;

a Lot of moments that have contributed to this transformation in net-migration. Here are five important turning points.

1948: The Windrush Generation

In the time after The War , the UK saw a huge investment in public infrastructure. Bombed cities were rebuilt, transportation systems expanded, and new facilities, such as the NHS, had to be occupied.

the job opportunities are in abundance and people from all parts of the Commonwealth to the UK came to help fill the labour shortage.

Some of The First , the arrival in 1948, were a group of 500 or so Caribbean migrants who came to the former troopship the Empire Windrush. Consequently, you and the 300,000 West Indians, who followed them, in the course of the next 20 years,

in addition to those who came from The Caribbean , around 300,000 people from India, 140,000 from Pakistan, and More Than 170,000 from different parts of Africa .

Getty Windrush in numbers

492passengers docked in Essex on the Empire Windrush in 1948,

910,000 people from the West Indies , India, Pakistan, and Africa , followed by

than 500,000 current UK residents were born in the community of pre-1971

18were apologized for the wrongs expelled or arrested

source: ONS, UK census, the UK government, the BBC

the emigrants from The Republic of Ireland had the same rights, and also to the UK. Between 1948 and 1971, a third of 18-to 30-year-old left the country In Search of work, More Than half a million people. The vast majority of them were bound for the UK.

In the 1940s and ' 50s, none of these persons notices required point of view; as a "citizen of the United Kingdom and the colonies", they were automatically The Right to stay in the UK.

But the Home Office does not keep a record of those granted to stay. Despite living and working in the UK for decades, it was built in the year 2018, some of the Windrush migrants and their families were threatened with deportation and even removed. The.

1956: The Hungarian Revolution

The end of the second World War also brought great political changes in Eastern and Central Europe .

After the liberation of the region, the Soviet Union installed Communist regimes were deeply unpopular with many people. It is also the Baltic States and parts of Poland annexed.

In response, hundreds of thousands of refugees fled to The West . The First to arrive in the UK, about 120,000 poles who came in the year 1945, with a significant Polish communities in Manchester, Bradford and west London date back to this period. Over 100,000 people from the Ukraine and the Baltic States to the UK came for similar Reasons .

the Open-air portraits of the 1956 revolution victims in Budapest

At the time, these population movements are considered The Final consequences of the second World War . In fact, the symptom of a new Cold War .

This was confirmed in 1956, when Hungary rose up against their Communist rulers. After Soviet tanks went into Budapest to crush the uprising, of the nearly 200,000 Hungarians fled the country.

the United Kingdom took in 30,000 of these political refugees, a precedent for the coming years. From 1956 onwards, political dissidents from Eastern Europe routine have been accepted and integrated in The British society.

Some of the data in this article is drawn from BBC Briefing, a mini-series of downloadable, in-depth guides to the major topics in the news, with input from scientists, researchers, and journalists. It is the BBC's response to the audience demand a better explanation for the facts behind the headlines.

1971: Immigration Act

The post-war boom of immigration from Commonwealth countries was not welcomed by all.

In the late 1950s, racial tensions exploded in a series of riots, The Most famous

And, in 1968, the Conservative politician Enoch Powell , in his column, the "rivers of blood" Speech .

demonstrators at a rally against the 1971 Immigration Act

Under a considerable pressure on The British government finally cracking down on all forms of Racial Discrimination .

But also

The Most important of these is the Immigration Act of 1971, the prescribed Commonwealth immigrants have more rights than those from other parts of The World . This effectively marked the end of the Windrush generation marked.

More:in 1972, The Ugandan Asian crisis

The First big test of the new immigration rules came in The Following year, as The War -torn Uganda, a former British colony,

Prime Minister , Edward Heath , said the country had a moral and legal responsibility to those who had British passports. Of the 60,000 people displaced, a little under half of Britain came.

This marks a change of emphasis in the immigration policy. Great Britain was now wary of people In Search of jobs, but would like to continue to welcome those In Search of Asylum .

thousands of Ugandan Asians fled to Britain after the then President Idi Amin ordered their expulsion

in the 1970s and 1980s, less than 5 000 Asylum seekers came to the UK each year, on average. But in 1990, after The Fall of the Berlin Wall , Asylum applications rose suddenly to More Than 16,000 people. In The Following two years, this number doubled And Then doubled again.

This trend to continue, in the course of The Following decades, such as the instability in countries such as Yugoslavia, Somalia and Iraq brought more refugees in the UK door.

1992: The EU-enlargement

In 1992, the UK joined other EU member States in the European integration. This gives all EU citizens the same rights, with the freedom for each member state you have chosen.

In The Following decade, tens of thousands of EU citizens arrived To Live and work in the UK.

only a Few people fight back, perhaps because these newcomers were offset by the tens of thousands of British people who moved away to other parts of the EU.

Nevertheless, a new principle had not been defined. As the country is an Open Door for the community, so that it is now instead an Open Door to the European Union once had.

In 2004, to Seven Nations from the Soviet bloc, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary , Slovenia, Malta and Cyprus also joined at the same time.

in contrast to Germany or France, the United Kingdom , no temporary restrictions on arrivals from the new member States.

Tony Blair 's Labour government had a positive attitude to immigration: it is argued that a growing economy needs more workers and, as in the 1950s, people from other countries were considered a good source of new workers.

In any case, the forecasts of government that the EU enlargement would only lead to an increase of up to 13,000 people per year in immigration.

In The Event , which came to More Than a million people from these countries and remained over the next decade. It was one of the biggest influences in British history.

Since the year 2016, the year of the Brexit referendum, EU immigration is down.

The current plans of the government, as soon as the Brexit transition period ends.

In the meantime, however, the increased immigration from other parts of The World , to fill The Gap . Despite the "tens of thousands", the United Kingdom and the net-migration figures remain historically high in the context of the last century.

You can use the whole of the BBC's Briefing on the immigration.

this piece

The analysis was a piece of.

is a historian and author of several books on Social Change in post-war Europe.

Edited by Eleanor Lawrie

refugees and asylum seekers, windrush scandal, uk immigration, immigration, windrush generation, brexit

Source of news: bbc.com