Middle East

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The acquittal of the three former Barclays executives is the only time the decided jury, criminal charges against senior bankers for events in the crisis of 2008.

The leaders in this study began in October - Roger Jenkins , 64, Tom Kalaris, 64, and Richard Eid, 61, were not The Top bosses of Barclays.

Instead, they were between one and four ranks down from the Board of Directors of The Bank in the hierarchical structure.

The allegations focused on a huge fundraising exercise in 2008, the escape enabled Barclays to the nationalisation forced on its competitors, RBS, Lloyds and HBOS.

The Defendants were accused by prosecutors, conspiracy, Fraud to commit in connection with fundraising efforts.

she argues that it is not a Scam - and if, alternatively, it was not considered to be a Fraud , they were the only ones who should be held accountable for them.

their actions, their lawyers said, which have been approved and negotiated at The Top of The Bank and signed-off by the banks top lawyers.

In the end, The Jury took less than six hours to find to your favor. The decision comes as a setback for the Serious Fraud Office, the start over the years, the persecution and now he had thrown his case.

pressure to obtain the funds,

In 2008, Barclays, like other banks, ran low on cash. The Bank deregulation in the late 1990s and the credit and real estate boom of the early to mid-noughties led had to give all banks, far More Than she had ever been.

The crucial difference was that The Money for the loan, not only of the banks, savers and depositors but also investors from all over The World .

As the volume of lending grew, the real estate prices rose and the bonuses in the shot.

banks took their eyes from their balance sheets - a fact, by 2008 it was painfully clear.

The credit crunch, which was triggered by the huge losses on sub-Prime mortgages in the US began in August of 2007: banks not want to lend to each other, because, you know, how much had you or your competitors lost.

For RBS, HBOS and Barclays, which are known as the "capital ratios" - the financial safety cushion held against risk, get your money - seeking were threadbare.

worst of all, for each 100 € of the banks had borrowed, when as little as £3 or £4 could not be Paid back, it could be enough to make you bankrupt.

After The Rescue of Northern Rock in September 2007, the Treasury dug into the numbers and put the banks on notice. She had to plump up the cushion by raising billions of pounds.

At first, want to Further prevent Northern Rock -style national collection, the regulatory authorities and the government insisted they do it privately.

RBS threw money on the markets and HBOS is trying to do the same, with poor results. The Smart Money in the Big City institutions no longer wanted to bank shares. Those who want to invest in beefing up the banks, when they saw so bad?

Qataris demand higher fees

So in may 2008, Barclays: "The Top bosses in motion project bird set cage to lift out a plan, billions of pounds of state funds in China, Japan, Singapore and the Middle East , were still willing to take a risk, in exchange for a good return.

His "cornerstone Investor " - The One whose commitment would encourage you to invest in other, the gas-rich Gulf state of Qatar.

Roger Jenkins , has met the destiny of the Barclays Capital operation in the Middle East to invest, Sheikh Hamad bin Jassim bin Jabr Al-Thani (also known as 'HBJ'), the Prime Minister of Qatar, and try to convince him.

Sheikh Hamad was The Key to donations from the Barclays call

Barclays had approved fees of 1. 5% will be Paid to each Investor , The Money in exchange for shares.

However, at a meeting on 3. June at Claridge's, a representative of the Sheikh said Mr. Jenkins, he wanted to More Than double the normal fees.

In the capital, such as Barclays was to be expected, investors are treated to an equal footing with each other and Paid the same fees.

But the court heard that top Barclays managers, not all investors will want to pay the same higher fee as agreed you had the Qataris.

in this case, So a mechanism to pay the Qataris extra: £42m would get to an agreement, for the advisory services.

On 25 June 2008, Barclays announced that it had raised £4. 5 billion for The investors. the Qatar Investment Authority, a Qatari investment Fund called the Challenger (from HBJ), Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation, Japan China Development Bank and Temasek, a sovereign wealth Fund owned by the Singapore government The advisory services agreement is mentioned, but not the fee.

the height of the crisis

until the beginning of October , however, it was not clear, the Ministry of Finance, The Bank of England and the regulatory authorities, the private Fund raisings by the banks is not enough.

after the collapse of Lehman Brothers in September, the entire financial system was in danger.

the then Prime Minister , Gordon Brown , the Chancellor, Alistair Darling is concerned that, if you don't force the banks to beef-up dry up their threadbare finances would as a matter of urgency, more would follow Northern Rock -style bank runs and cash machines.

threatened The banking crisis, to mutate into a full-blown Depression .

Gordon Brown and Alistair Darling , the affected banks have not sufficient capital

part-nation-alising the banks force you to take, the taxpayer's capital in exchange for shares, the government was reluctant, but ultimate solution imposed on, RBS, Lloyds and HBOS on the weekend of 11-12 October , and announced on 13. October 2008.

But Barclays was determined to avoid nationalization. On The Morning of the 13th. October , it is known that there is a higher revenue to private.

Roger Jenkins went back to Sheikh Hamad, whose representatives are now asking for compensation for what he had already lost, in Barclays' case, the share price ends above an additional reward for the investment.

Later this month, the Advisory Services agreement was extended: Barclays would now be the Qataris to pay a Further £280m.

On 31. October , Barclays announced it had raised a total of £7. 3 billion from Qatari investors and the nearby Emirate of Abu Dhabi . This Time , neither the fee nor the Advisory Services agreement was referred to.

allegations, and defense

In June and October 2008 (as normal), public documents, you had to be sent to the Investor will be able to see with the terms and conditions of the procurement of capital (for example, the fees Barclays would pay), so what you bought in the prospectuses and subscription contracts.

It was, the claims in these documents that the Serious Fraud Office, that fraudulent representations were made.

Specifically, prosecutors said in court, the documents said, there was no Further fees or commissions from Barclays in connection with the investment, in addition to those in The Public documents.

the SFO said was "simply a lie" had Paid The Bank £322 m required in secret extra fees, the Qataris on the side of arrangements for the advisory services.

These agreements, Prosecutor Ed Brown QC told the court that say "mechanisms that the charges, true services agreements, if you were, in truth, you only have to pay a means of the Qataris are the additional charges".

Barclays-Board of Directors knew of the agreements, and receive advice from lawyers for The Bank had told them that the contracts were Legal , so long as The Bank 's valuable services of the Qataris.

The SFO's counter-claim, the defendant would never have thought that the valuable advice would be provided and concealed that from the Board and the lawyers.

Charging decision

to cheat After investigating the case to calculate for five years, Serious Fraud Office Director David Green is finally a decision four executives with Fraud and conspiracy on may 20. June, 2017.

another Executive, former Finance Director Chris Lucas, was allegedly The Key to The Conspiracy but was not prosecuted because of ill-health.

The case against Roger Jenkins , Tom Kalaris, and Richard Eid had a particularly unusual feature. The prosecutors of the indictment was that they were part of a criminal conspiracy to commit Fraud by false representation.

But, as the defense pointed out that it is not the representations themselves.

The alleged lies in The Public documents, Saying that they had Paid for, no extra fees from The Bank as a company. And the banks top Directors had testified to their truth in the directors' letters.

barclays, fraud, financial crisis of 2007-08, qatar, banking

Source of news: bbc.com