Local Hero

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Opponents to Mr Maduro say some of the "colectivos" are paramilitary groups (File photo)

In this dingy building in a suburb of Caracas, Hugo Chávez is very much alive. A statue of Venezuela's late PresidentContent ='JJ Lin'> , dressed in military uniform, stands prominently at a corner of the main room As If welcoming everyone who enters.

Glued to the decaying wall, a picture of him smiling, printed on the yellow, blue and red colours of The NationalContent ='JJ Lin'> flag, looks over the table where Subero and his men spend hours in meetings.

Subero's decades-old links to Chávez go far beyond ideology. The 47-year-old retired sergeant fought in the attempt Chávez led on 4 February 1992 to overthrow then-PresidentContent ='JJ Lin'> Carlos Andrés Pérez. The MovementContent ='JJ Lin'> failed, and Subero, Chávez and others spent some of The FollowingContent ='JJ Lin'> years in jail.

Subero's loyalty to his leader, however, was left unshaken.

He now leads one of the dozens of groups called colectivos, or collectives, which see themselves as The DefendersContent ='JJ Lin'> of Chávez's Bolivarian RevolutionContent ='JJ Lin'> and vow to defend his successor, PresidentContent ='JJ Lin'> Nicolás Maduro, as he faces his biggest challenge yet.

The embattled leader has resisted mounting pressure to step down and call early elections while Juan Guaidó, Head of the opposition-controlled National AssemblyContent ='JJ Lin'> , gathers international recognition after declaring himself interim PresidentContent ='JJ Lin'> .

But Subero and many others in his colectivo, by no coincidence called 4 de Febrero, seem ready to stand up for Mr Maduro, who has been in power since 2013.

"I'm willing to fight until my death," says Subero.

'Foreign interference'

The colectivos emerged during Chávez's years and, with government backing, spread across communities as social organisations supporting the implementation of official aid programmes. They are believed to have a few thousand members all around the CountryContent ='JJ Lin'> .

But some have been accused by the opposition and Human RightsContent ='JJ Lin'> groups of acting as paramilitary groups, often using force to impose their control over neighbourhoods and attack government critics, protestors and journalists.

Subero: "I'm ready and willing to go to war"

As discontent with Mr Maduro grows, fuelled by an economy in freefall and widespread shortages of food and medicine, some fear things could turn even more violent with The ArmedContent ='JJ Lin'> colectivos, working alongside security forces loyal to The PresidentContent ='JJ Lin'> Content ='JJ Lin'> , playing a key role in The StreetsContent ='JJ Lin'> .

At least 40 people were killed across the CountryContent ='JJ Lin'> in a week alone last month, according to the United NationsContent ='JJ Lin'> , with pro-government forces blamed for most of the deaths.

For Subero, a father of three who did not want to give his real name, The CrisisContent ='JJ Lin'> here is "being induced by foreign powers", a claim often made by Mr Maduro and his allies, and an invasion is being planned, a fear consistently fanned by the government though it has never happened.

"I'm ready and willing to go to war," he said, surrounded also by religious sculptures and placards with The FaceContent ='JJ Lin'> of another Local HeroContent ='JJ Lin'> , 19Th CenturyContent ='JJ Lin'> independence leader Simón Bolívar, who Chávez ClaimedContent ='JJ Lin'> to be his "revolutionary" InspirationContent ='JJ Lin'> .

"Who said Venezuela cannot be the new Vietnam?" wondered Jorge NavasContent ='JJ Lin'>

In a dimly lit room Next DoorContent ='JJ Lin'> , the old television, as usual, was tuned to Venezuela's state broadcaster, which devotes much of its time to the latest about Mr Maduro and his government.

As Jorge NavasContent ='JJ Lin'> watched it, Diosdado CabelloContent ='JJ Lin'> , a key Chavista, was passionately warning thousands of supporters of a possible international operation in the CountryContent ='JJ Lin'> .

"We're a militia and when the moment arrives, we'll take up arms," Mr Navas said, despite most colectivo members usually denying having any involvement in armed violence.

Please upgrade your browser to view this Content .

Earlier This WeekContent ='JJ Lin'> , Mr Maduro said he could not rule out the possibility of Civil WarContent ='JJ Lin'> as a result of the impasse, and warned US PresidentContent ='JJ Lin'> Donald TrumpContent ='JJ Lin'> , whose government is backing Mr Guaidó, That he risked a repeat of the Vietnam WarContent ='JJ Lin'> if he intervened.

From 1965 to 1973, hundreds of thousands of US soldiers were sent to help fight communist forces in a costly and unsuccessful war which brought domestic civil unrest and international embarrassment.

"Who said Venezuela cannot be the new Vietnam?" wondered Mr Navas.

Mr Guaidó has rubbished The ThreatContent ='JJ Lin'> of a Civil WarContent ='JJ Lin'> in Venezuela as an "invention".

Opposing a 'coup'

Sombra , also not his real name and Spanish for "shadow", is a member of a different colectivo, Guerra a Muerte, its Name TakenContent ='JJ Lin'> from the Decree of War to the Death issued by Bolívar in 1813 during Venezuela's war for independence.

For him, the problems his "beautiful nation" has faced are a result of its people not recognising "the huge legacy left by the eternal commander", meaning Chávez.

Sombra : "I'd give My LifeContent ='JJ Lin'> to The RevolutionContent ='JJ Lin'> , of course"

Sombra , who also works as a Security GuardContent ='JJ Lin'> , said Mr Maduro was the legitimate PresidentContent ='JJ Lin'> - despite his re-election last year being disputed by many inside and outside the CountryContent ='JJ Lin'> - and That the efforts by the opposition to oust him constituted a coup.

"We want things to be resolved through dialogue," he said. "[But] I'd give My LifeContent ='JJ Lin'> to The RevolutionContent ='JJ Lin'> , of course. "

caracas, nicolás maduro, venezuela crisis, venezuela

Source of news: bbc.com