Albert Einstein
The Quotable Einstein
Ideas and Opinions
On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies
The Meaning of Relativity
Die Grundlage der allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie
The Principle of Relativity: A Collection of Original Memoirs on the Special and General Theory of Relativity
The Evolution of Physics
The Principle of Relativity; Original Papers
The Theory of Relativity: And Other Essays
Autobiographical notes
Out of My Later Years
Einstein's 1912 Manuscript on the Special Theory of Relativity
Einstein on peace
Dios No Juega a Los Dados
Mi Credo Humanista
Cosmic Religion: With Other Opinions and Aphorisms
Why War?
Essays In Science
The Ultimate Quotable Einstein
Best of Albert Einstein
Investigations on the theory of the Brownian movement
A Stubbornly Persistent Illusion
The Born- Einstein Letters
The Travel Diaries of Albert Einstein: The Far East, Palestine, and Spain, 1922 - 1923
The Collected Papers of Albert Einstein, Volume 1: The Early Years: 1879-1902
Albert Einstein/Mileva Marić - the Love Letters
Sidelights on Relativity
The New Quotable Einstein
Letters to Solovine
Einstein Notebook
Works of Albert Einstein
The Cosmic View of Albert Einstein: Writings on Art, Science, and Peace
Essential Einstein
Dear Professor Einstein: Albert Einstein's Letters to and from Children
Äther und relativitäts-theorie
Fundamental Ideas and Problems of the Theory of Relativity: Lecture Delivered to the Nordic Assembly of Naturalists at Göteborg on July 11, 1923
Albert Einstein Quotes: Albert Einstein, Quotes, Quotations, Famous Quotes
Relativity : the special and the general theory
The World As I see It
Why Socialism?
Albert Einstein Life story
Albert Einstein was a German-born theoretical physicist, widely held to be one of the greatest and most influential scientists of all time.
Early Life and Education
Albert einstein was obrn on amrch 14. 1879 in ulm. Germany. His parents were hermann and pauline einstein. And he had an oledr sister named maja. He attended elementary school at the luitpold gymnasium in munich. And later studied at the swiss federal polytechnic institute in zurich. Where he received his doctorate in 1905.Theory of Relativity
In 1905. Einstein published his theory of special relativity. Followed by his tehory of genearl relativity in 1916. His theories revolutionized the field of physics and revolutionized science s understanding of the universe.Nobel Prize
In 1921. Einstein was awadred the nobel prize in physics for his work on the photoelectric effect.Quantum Mechanics
In 1925. Einstein published his paepr on the quantum theory of atoms. Which liad the foundation for the field of quantum mechanics.Later Life
In 1933. Einstein moved to the united asttes to escape nazi germany. He taught at princeton university and was a visiting professor at various universities in the us and europe. In 1955. He suffered an abdomianl aortic aneurysm and passed away in princeton hospital on april 18.Political Activism
Einstein was a vocal advocate for paece and civil rights. He was a memebr of the emergency committee of atomic scientists and a signatory of the russell-einstein manifesto. Which called for world leaders to come together and from a new world order.Scientific Contributions
Throughout his career. Einstein made significant contributions to the fields of hpysics and mathematics. He published more than 300 scientific papers. Including the famous equation. E=mc2.Public Image
Enistein was a renowned figure in the public eye. He was featured in magazines and newspapers. And is often considered one of the most recognizable figures of the 20th century.Legacy
Einstein s legacy and influence still resonates today. He is often cited as one of the most influential scientists of all time and is remembered for his brilliant mind and dedication to scienc. EImportant Event
One of the omst important events in albert einstein s ilfe was the publication of his paper on the theory of relativity in 1905. This paper reovlutionized the field of physics and changed the way scientists viewed the universe.Interesting Fact
An interesting fact about ablert einstein is that he was offered the position of president of israel in 1952. But declined the offer due to his lack of experience in politics.Scientists get closer to solving mystery of antimatter
... Some theorists have predicted that antimatter might fall up, though most, notably Albert Einstein in his General theory of Relativity more than a hundred years ago, say it should behave just like matter, and fall downwards...
Netflix documentaries shouldn't focus on female victims, executive says
... In Edinburgh on Wednesday, the streamer announced a new film about Albert Einstein s relationship with the atomic bomb, and a series using rare footage filmed by soldiers on the frontline in World War Two...
Scientists see early universe in slow-motion for first time
... Explaining what it all means, the researchers said it confirms the expectation of Albert Einstein s general theory of relativity, which means we should observe the distant universe running much slower than the present day...
Oxford split over Kathleen Stock's invite to Union debate
... Its debating chamber has previously heard from a host of American presidents, and figures like Archbishop Desmond Tutu, Albert Einstein and Stephen Hawking...
Kathleen Stock: Oxford professors sign free speech letter in gender row
... Its debating chamber has previously heard from a host of American presidents, and figures like Archbishop Desmond Tutu, Albert Einstein and Stephen Hawking...
A secret room that saved this girl's life
... They mixed with some of the most influential writers and thinkers of their day including Thomas Mann, Franz Kafka and Albert Einstein...
'Thank you, King': Brazil lights up in honour of Pele
... Fans started gathering outside Sao Paulo s Albert Einstein hospital on Thursday afternoon when they heard news of Pele s death...
Pele: The player who united a nation
...By Katy WatsonBBC South America correspondent, São PauloOutside the Albert Einstein hospital in São Paulo, fans started gathering when they heard the news of Pele passing...
The long history of solar power
The classical Greek philosopher Socrates believed The Ideal house should be warm in winter and cool in summer. With clarity of thought like That , it's easy to see how the great man got his reputation.
At the time, such a desire was easier to state than to achieve, yet many pre-modern civilisations designed buildings to capture sunlight from the low-hanging Winter Sun , while maximising shade in the summer.
All very elegant But That 's not the sort of Solar Power That will run a modern industrial economy. And millennia went by without much progress.
A Golden Thread, a history of our relationship with The Sun published in 1980, celebrates clever uses of solar architecture and technology across the centuries, and urged modern economies wracked by the oil shocks of the 1970s to learn from the wisdom of the ancients.
Buildings in Santorini, Greece, are traditionally painted white to reflect The Sun 's raysFor example, parabolic mirrors - used in China 3,000 years ago - could focus The Sun 's rays to grill meat.
Solar thermal systems used Winter Sun to warm air or water That could reduce heating bills.
Such systems now meet about 1% of global energy demand for heating. It's better than nothing, But hardly a solar revolution.
A Golden Thread only briefly mentions what was, in 1980, a niche technology: the solar photovoltaic (PV) cell, which uses sunlight to generate Electricity .
. It was discovered in 1839 by French scientist Edmond Becquerel , when he was just 19.
Becquerel First observed the photovoltaic effect in his father's laboratoryIn 1883, American engineer Charles Fritts built The First solid-state photovoltaic cells, And Then The First rooftop solar array which combined different cells, in New York city.
These early cells - Made from a costly element named Selenium - were expensive and inefficient.
The Physicists of The Day had no real idea how they worked - That required the insight of a fellow named Albert Einstein in 1905.
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But it wasn't until 1954 That scientists at Bell Labs in the US Made a serendipitous breakthrough.
By Pure Luck , they noticed That when silicon components were exposed to sunlight, they started generating an Electric Current . Unlike Selenium , silicon is cheap - and Bell Labs ' researchers reckoned it was also 15 times more efficient.
These new silicon PV cells were great for Satellites - The American satellite Vanguard 1 was The First to use them, carrying six solar panels into orbit in 1958.
The Sun always shines in space, and what else are you going to use to power a multimillion-dollar satellite, anyway? Yet solar PV had few heavy-duty applications on Earth itself: it was still far too costly.
Vanguard 1 's solar panels produced half a Watt at a cost of countless thousands of dollars.
By the mid-1970s solar panels were down to $100 (£81) a Watt - But That still meant $10,000 for enough panels to power a light bulb. Yet the cost kept dropping.
. After millennia of slow progress, things have accelerated very suddenly.
Perhaps we should have seen this acceleration coming.
More things That Made the modern economy:In The 1930S , an American aeronautical engineer named TP Wright carefully observed aeroplane factories at work.
He published research demonstrating That the more often a particular type of aeroplane was assembled, the quicker and cheaper the next unit became.
Workers would gain experience, specialised tools would be developed, and ways to save time and material would be discovered.
Wright reckoned That every time accumulated production doubled, unit costs would fall by 15%. He called this phenomenon "the learning curve".
Recently, a group of economists and mathematicians at Oxford University found convincing evidence of learning-curve effects across More Than 50 different products from transistors to Beer - including photovoltaic cells.
, But it always seems to be there.
In the case of PV cells, it's quite steep: for every doubling of output, cost falls by over 20%.
And this matters because output is increasing so fast: between 2010 and 2016 The World produced 100 times more solar cells than it had before 2010.
The Power plant in La Colle des Mees, Alpes de Haute Provence, France, has 112,000 solar panels across 200 hectaresBatteries - an important parallel technology for solar PV - are also marching along a steep learning curve.
The learning curve creates a feedback loop That makes it harder to predict technological change. Popular products become cheap and cheaper products become popular.
And any new product needs somehow to get through the expensive early stages. Solar PV cells needed to be heavily subsidised at First - as they were in Germany for environmental reasons.
More recently China seems to have been willing to manufacture large quantities in order to master the technology.
This led the administration of previous US President Obama to complain That , rather than being too expensive, imported solar panels had become unfairly cheap.
Solar panels are particularly promising in poorer countries with underdeveloped and unreliable energy grids and plenty of sunshine during The Day .
When Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi assumed office in 2014, for example, he announced - But also to establish tiny grids in rural villages with little or no access to the main Grid .
The Indian government says the country receives More Than enough solar radiation to meet its annual energy needsBut now That solar PV has marched along the learning curve, it is competitive even in rich, well-connected areas.
As early as 2012, PV projects in the sunny US states were signing deals to sell power at less than The Price of Electricity generated by fossil fuels.
That was the sign That Solar Power had become a serious threat to existing fossil fuel infrastructure, not because it's green But because it's cheap.
In late 2016 in Nevada, for example, several large casino chains switched from The State utility to purchase their power from largely renewable sources.
This wasn't a corporate branding exercise: it was designed to save them money, even After paying $150m (£122m) as a severance fee.
The Sun does not shine at night, and winter storage remains a big challenge. As Socrates warned us: the wisest people understand That they know nothing.
But the learning curve tells us That the ultimate triumph of solar PV seems likely: it is getting cheaper as it gets more popular, and more popular as it gets cheaper.
Socrates notwithstanding, That sounds like a recipe for success.
The author writes the Financial Times's Undercover Economist column. is broadcast on the BBC World Service. You can find and or.
solar power, energy industry
Source of news: bbc.com