Turkmenbashi

Saparmyrat Ataýewiç Nyýazow, also known as Türkmenbaşy, lit. 'head of the Turkmen', was a Turkmen politician who ruled Turkmenistan as a dictator from 1985 until his death in 2006. He was first secretary of the Turkmen Communist Party from 1985 until 1991 and supported the 1991 Soviet coup attempt.